Promotion of Sustainable Development in the EU: Social and Economic Drivers

The transition to sustainability is a complex process that requires clear understanding of its drivers and barriers. paper explores the impact different social economic factors on sustainable development as holistic process. research involved data from 27 EU member states during 2012–2020. Hausman specification Breusch Pagan Lagrangian multiplier test were used select proper econometric model, which led use generalized least squares regression with random effects estimate in EU. results suggested corruption has no statistically significant sustainability, whereas freedom increases Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) Index. Our empirical demonstrated GDP per capita inhibits transition, could be case environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis. Unemployment negative development; however, employment science driver. It was unfolded median income life expectancy have positive SDG Following these findings, wide range policy recommendations suggested. They include but are not limited to: ensuring freedom, human capital development, digitalization public services, lifelong education promotion.